Detergents





In the world of new technologies and constant technological progress, people are trying in every way to make their life easier. Modern detergents are one way to greatly simplify cleaning your home, washing clothes and cleaning various surfaces.

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Types of detergents

Depending on the consistency, purpose, composition and type, all detergents are divided into several types.

By type of purpose, cleaning products are divided into:

• Dressing. They contain aggressive substances, through which hard and hazardous plaque is removed from various hard surfaces.
• Household. Such products contain from 10 to 75% detergent.
• Special. These are specific tools that are used for medical, technical and other purposes.

Depending on the composition of the detergent, they can be divided into two types: soap and synthetic. They have some differences with respect to their action, in particular in terms of stabilizing effect, purpose, and washing properties.

Washing ability

For soft water, which does not contain salts of calcium, magnesium, iron, fat soaps will show the greatest washing ability. With increasing water hardness, soap loses its washing ability, unlike synthetic products, which, in the presence of electrolytes, do not change their cleaning properties at all.

Stabilizing effect

Detergents should not only have the ability to remove dirt, but also to keep this dirt in solution, preventing re-application. Soap is characterized by a fairly high stabilizing effect. In this regard, synthetic products are significantly inferior to conventional soap. Small particles of dirt during washing with synthetic substances settle back on the surface of the fabric. After frequent washing, fabric items often turn gray and quickly lose their appearance. To improve the situation with a stabilizing effect, some substances (CMC) are added.

Appointment

Synthetic detergents come in many forms with respect to their purpose: universal, for delicate fabrics, for white linen, etc. Many elements can be part of synthetic products. Here are some of them:

• Surfactants. They are the main components of detergents and are anionic and cationic. The first type of surfactant is better for washing dirt in an alkaline environment. The second - perform the function of antistatic agents, disinfectants, emulsifiers and corrosion inhibitors. Thanks to the latter function, washing machines are protected.
• Carbonate and sodium silicate. These alkaline salts are auxiliary substances in detergents. They perform the function of protecting the metal parts of washing machines from corrosion, reduce the hygroscopicity of detergents of powdered type to a minimum.
• Fragrance. It is used to give a detergent a pleasant smell.
• Phosphate and sodium sulfate. These neutral salts improve the bulk properties of the powder and increase its solubility in water, thereby increasing the detergent properties of the product.
• Chemical bleaches. With increasing temperature, thanks to these substances atomic oxygen is released. This helps to whiten natural tissues. Often added hydrogen peroxide, which helps to achieve whiteness in silk and wool fabrics.
• Supplements.The addition of enzymes helps to remove contaminants of fat and protein origin, which are very persistent and usually cause problems when cleaning items or washing clothes.
• Many other components are also added, which in one way or another make the tool better. For example, more and more often in the detergent composition you can find components that reduce the damage to the skin when used, components to improve the appearance, for example, softeners, etc.

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Types of detergents by release form

If earlier it was possible to buy detergents only in solid (soap) or powder form, today the choice has grown significantly. To the already indicated, liquid and pasty agents were added. To understand what will be more convenient for you to use, you need to familiarize yourself with the pros and features of detergents in different forms.

Liquid detergent

Liquid cleaners have the following characteristics:

• Easily and quickly dissolve in water.
• Very convenient to use and dosage.
• Quickly rinse and rinse off.
• The most effective when washing clothes, washing cars, dishes, windows and other glass surfaces.
• The manufacture of this type of product is much cheaper and simpler, since there is no drying step in its process.

Gels

One type of liquid detergent is gels. They are thicker in their own right, but this does not mean that they are more concentrated and effective. Helium detergents have a wider range of applications. This happens due to a special property: with a small amount of water, the gel detergent forms a powerful foam that can easily wash off all greasy stains and stubborn old soot. It can also be used when cleaning in the bathroom, for washing tiles, tiles or the toilet. But helium products are not able to cope with clogging in drain pipes or in inaccessible places - tablets are suitable for their replacement.

Solid detergents

Soap has not lost its popularity for over a century. But today it is far from the only solid detergent. This group also includes tablets. They, in turn, are: instant, multi-layer or single-layer.

They can be used in various temperature conditions, which leads to a certain degree of dissolution. Tablets are often used in washing clothes in automatic machines, dishwashers, and they can easily destroy stagnation in pipe fittings, without any harmful effect on the pipes themselves.

Powdered Detergent

Today, this type of detergent remains the most popular. About 95% of purchased household cleaning products are a variety of powders. Small particles of powder under the influence of water are able to penetrate deeply into the molecules of dirty spots and easily destroy them. Powders can be concentrated, which significantly reduces the dose of use. There are granular powders, the main advantage of which is that they “dust” less, and therefore are more convenient to use.

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Stock footage

Whatever detergent you choose, read the label first: composition and instructions for use. Give preference to those detergents that are more natural in composition, because they are much safer - both for the user individually and for the entire planet Earth.